What happens in a sleep cycle
A complete cycle usually lasts 90 to 110 minutes and includes light, deep, and REM sleep. Each
stage
supports different biological jobs.
- Stage N1 (light sleep): Your heart rate and breathing slow as your body
detaches from wakefulness.
- Stage N2: Brain waves slow and core temperature drops, helping memory
consolidation begin.
- Stage N3 (slow-wave): Tissue repair, immune support, and growth hormones
peak.
- REM sleep: The brain becomes highly active to process emotions and store
learning.
Completing all four stages without interruption makes it easier to wake refreshed rather than
groggy.
Why plan around full cycles
Our calculator uses the science-backed 90 minute baseline so you can count backward from your
wake
time. Stacking full cycles reduces the chance of waking mid REM, which often causes sleep
inertia.
Adjust the cycle length in Advanced Options if you track sleep with a wearable or notice that you
run
shorter or longer cycles.
- Shorter cycles (around 85 minutes) are common in teens and athletes in heavy training.
- Longer cycles (95 to 100 minutes) show up during pregnancy or when recovering from sleep
debt.
- Keep your fall-asleep buffer realistic; 10 to 20 minutes is typical and prevents
short-changing
the first cycle.
What disrupts quality cycles
Even perfect timing can be undone by habits that fragment deep sleep.
- Bright screens and blue light suppress melatonin, delaying the start of Stage N1.
- Late caffeine, alcohol, or heavy meals can shorten slow-wave sleep.
- Stress spikes or inconsistent bedtimes confuse your circadian rhythm and scatter REM across
the
night.
Keep a 7 day log of wake times, caffeine, and exercise to spot patterns that interrupt your
cycles.